Bone Sialoprotein Antibody - #DF7738

FIGURE 1Metformin activates AMPK and calcification inVSMCs. VSMCs were cultured with high phosphate (3 mM Pi) and metformin (met)for 7 days. (a) Calcium content (mg/mg protein) of cells treated with metformin (0.5−1.5 mM), (n= 3). (b) Representative alizarin red images ofcells treated with metformin (1 mM). (c) Representative immunoblots (d) immunoblot quantification showing the effect of metformin (1 mM) onexpression of osteogenic markers osterix, osteocalcin, and bone sialoprotein compared withβ‐actin (n= 3). (e) Representative immunoblots and(f) immunoblot quantification showing the effect of metformin (1 mM) on the phosphorylation of AMPK compared with total AMPK (n= 4).AMPK, adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase; VSMCs, vascular smooth muscle cells.PHADWALET AL.|4307

Fig. 4. SMF promoted the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. a mRNA expression of ALP, BSP, and RUNX2was detected by qRT–PCR after cells were cultured for 7 days. b, c The protein expression levels of ALP, BSP, and RUNX2 were detected by Western blot after cells were cultured for 7 and 14 days. All experiments were performed in triplicate, and the values are expressed as the mean ± SD. *p< 0.05, **p< 0.01.