Phospho-RAD51 (Thr309) Antibody - #AF8309

Plays an important role in homologous strand exchange, a key step in DNA repair through homologous recombination (HR). Binds to single and double-stranded DNA and exhibits DNA-dependent ATPase activity. Catalyzes the recognition of homology and strand exchange between homologous DNA partners to form a joint molecule between a processed DNA break and the repair template. Binds to single-stranded DNA in an ATP-dependent manner to form nucleoprotein filaments which are essential for the homology search and strand exchange. Part of a PALB2-scaffolded HR complex containing BRCA2 and RAD51C and which is thought to play a role in DNA repair by HR. Plays a role in regulating mitochondrial DNA copy number under conditions of oxidative stress in the presence of RAD51C and XRCC3. Also involved in interstrand cross-link repair.

Ubiquitinated by the SCF(FBH1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, regulating RAD51 subcellular location and preventing its association with DNA. Ubiquitinated by RFWD3 in response to DNA damage: ubiquitination leads to degradation by the proteasome, promoting homologous recombination.

Phosphorylated. Phosphorylation of Thr-309 by CHEK1 may enhance association with chromatin at sites of DNA damage and promote DNA repair by homologous recombination. Phosphorylation by ABL1 inhibits function.

Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm>Perinuclear region. Mitochondrion matrix. Chromosome. Cytoplasm>Cytoskeleton>Microtubule organizing center>Centrosome.
Note: Colocalizes with RAD51AP1 and RPA2 to multiple nuclear foci upon induction of DNA damage (PubMed:20154705). DNA damage induces an increase in nuclear levels (PubMed:20154705). Together with FIGNL1, redistributed in discrete nuclear DNA damage-induced foci after ionizing radiation (IR) or camptothecin (CPT) treatment (PubMed:23754376). Accumulated at sites of DNA damage in a SPIDR-dependent manner (PubMed:23509288). Recruited at sites of DNA damage in a MCM9-MCM8-dependent manner (PubMed:23401855).

Highly expressed in testis and thymus, followed by small intestine, placenta, colon, pancreas and ovary. Weakly expressed in breast.

Forms linear homooligomers, giving rise to a RAD51 nucleoprotein filament, which is essential for strand-pairing reactions during DNA recombination. Interacts with BRCA1 and either directly or indirectly with p53. Interacts with XRCC3, RAD54L and RAD54B. Interacts with the BCDX2 subcomplex RAD51C:RAD51B. Interacts directly with PALB2 which may serve as a scaffold for a HR complex containing PALB2, BRCA2, RAD51C, RAD51 and XRCC3. Interacts with RAD51AP1 and RAD51AP2. Interacts with CHEK1, and this may require prior phosphorylation of CHEK1. Interacts with the MND1-PSMC3IP heterodimer. Found in a complex, at least composed of BLM, RAD51 and SPIDR; the complex formation is mediated by SPIDR. Interacts with SPIDR; the interaction is direct and recruits RAD51 to DNA damage sites. Interacts with FIGNL1 (via N-terminal one-half region); the interaction is direct. Interacts with RAD51AP1 (via C-terminal region); the interaction is direct. Interacts with NABP2, RPA1, PALB2 and RAD51. Interacts with SWI5/C9orf119, and at lower level with SFR1/MEIR5. Interacts with hyperphosphorylated RPA2; this interaction is necessary for efficient recruitment to chromatin in response to DNA damage. Interacts with SWSAP1; involved in homologous recombination repair. Interacts with PARPBP, BRCA2 and RECQL5; these interactions interfere with the formation of the RAD51-DNA homologous recombination structure. Interacts with POLQ; POLQ acts as an inhibitor of homology-recombination repair (HR) pathway by limiting RAD51 accumulation at resected ends. Interacts with FBH1. Interacts with POLN. Interacts with RFWD3. Interacts with the MCM8-MCM9 complex; the interaction recruits RAD51 to DNA damage sites.

The nuclear localization may reside in the C-terminus (between 259 and 339 AA).

Belongs to the RecA family. RAD51 subfamily.