Phospho-IRF5 (Ser437) Antibody - #AF8382

FIGURE 4 Cytoplasmic mtDNA markedly activated STING signalling. BMDCs were treated with mtDNA (10 μg/ml), or transfected with vehicle or mtDNA (10 μg/ml) for 24 h, then were harvested for western blot and qPCR. (A) Representative blots and relative quantification protein levels of STING pathway (n = 3). (B) qPCR quantitation of IFN‐β (n = 7). (C) Representative images of nuclear translocation of IRF3 in BMDC treated as indicated. Scale bar: 5 μm. (D) Representative blots and relative quantification protein levels of TLR9 pathway (n = 3). (E) qPCR quantitation of TNF‐α, IL‐6 and VCAM‐1 (n = 6–7). (F) Representative blots and relative quantification protein levels of NLRP3 pathway (n = 3). (G) qPCR quantitation of IL‐1β, IL‐18 (n = 7). Data are shown as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. BMDC, bone marrow derived dendritic cell; IFN, interferon; mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA; mtDNA (T), mtDNA transfection; Veh (T), vehicle transfection.