一抗
抗体是一类能与抗原特异性结合的免疫球蛋白，免疫反应中抗体与抗原特异性结合，可以标记出靶蛋白并进一步研究蛋白的表达、定位。科研中能与目的蛋白直接结合的抗体称为第一抗体，简称一抗。根据一抗的来源、用途和制备方法一般可分为兔源一抗，鼠源一抗，流式抗体，组化抗体，单克隆/多克隆抗体等等。
Affinity目前有16000+一抗品种，覆盖信号通路、癌症、代谢、等热门科研领域。我们也提供不常用但极具科研价值的抗体，尤其是拥有全球最全磷酸化抗体库，磷酸化抗体品种达到2300+，其中800+为全球独家产品，在信号转导研究中独树一帜。磷酸化抗体已成为Affinity的世界名片。
Affinity的兔多抗大多已经过独立抗体验证（国际抗体验证工作组推荐的五大抗体验证策略之一），并采用多肽抗原+亲和纯化的生产工艺，抗体亲和力强，特异性更高，满足国际公认的单特异性抗体(monospecific antibody)的定义。
Cell growth and death
- Apoptosis (View pathway)
- Apoptosis - multiple species (View pathway)
- Cell cycle (View pathway)
- Cellular senescence (View pathway)
- Ferroptosis (View pathway)
- Necroptosis (View pathway)
- Oocyte meiosis (View pathway)
- p53 signaling pathway (View pathway)
Cell motility
Cellular community - eukaryotes
- Adherens junction (View pathway)
- Focal adhesion (View pathway)
- Gap junction (View pathway)
- Signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells (View pathway)
- Tight junction (View pathway)
Cellular community - prokaryotes
- Biofilm formation - Escherichia coli
- Biofilm formation - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Biofilm formation - Vibrio cholerae
- Quorum sensing
Transport and catabolism
Chronology: Antiinfectives
- Aminoglycosides
- Anti-HIV agents
- Antifungal agents
- Antiviral agents
- Cephalosporins - oral agents
- Cephalosporins - parenteral agents
- Macrolides and ketolides
- Penicillins
- Quinolones
- Rifamycins
- Tetracyclines
Chronology: Antineoplastics
- Antineoplastics - agents from natural products
- Antineoplastics - alkylating agents
- Antineoplastics - antimetabolic agents
- Antineoplastics - hormones
- Antineoplastics - protein kinases inhibitors
Chronology: Nervous system agents
- Agents for Alzheimer-type dementia
- Anticonvulsants
- Antidepressants
- Antiparkinsonian agents
- Antipsychotics
- Antipsychotics - butyrophenones
- Antipsychotics - phenothiazines
- Anxiolytics
- Hypnotics
- Local analgesics
- Opioid analgesics
Chronology: Other drugs
- Antiarrhythmic drugs
- Antidiabetics
- Antidyslipidemic agents
- Antiglaucoma agents
- Antimigraines
- Antirheumatics - DMARDs and biological agents
- Antithrombosis agents
- Antiulcer drugs
- Immunosuppressive agents
- Osteoporosis drugs
- Sulfonamide derivatives - diuretics
- Sulfonamide derivatives - hypoglycemic agents
- Sulfonamide derivatives - overview
- Sulfonamide derivatives - sulfa drugs
Skeleton-based classification
Structure-based classification
Target-based classification: Enzymes
- Catecholamine transferase inhibitors
- Cyclooxygenase inhibitors
- HIV protease inhibitors
- HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
- Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors
Target-based classification: G protein-coupled receptors
- alpha-Adrenergic receptor agonists/antagonists
- Angiotensin receptor and endothelin receptor antagonists
- beta-Adrenergic receptor agonists/antagonists
- Cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs
- Dopamine receptor agonists/antagonists
- Eicosanoid receptor agonists/antagonists
- Histamine H1 receptor antagonists
- Histamine H2/H3 receptor agonists/antagonists
- Opioid receptor agonists/antagonists
- Serotonin receptor agonists/antagonists
Target-based classification: Ion channels
- Calcium channel blocking drugs
- N-Metyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonists
- Nicotinic cholinergic receptor antagonists
- Potassium channel blocking and opening drugs
- Sodium channel blocking drugs
Target-based classification: Nuclear receptors
- Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor agonists/antagonists
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists
- Progesterone, androgen and estrogen receptor agonists/antagonists
- Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonists/antagonists
Target-based classification: Transporters
Membrane transport
Signal transduction
- AMPK signaling pathway (View pathway)
- Apelin signaling pathway (View pathway)
- Calcium signaling pathway (View pathway)
- cAMP signaling pathway (View pathway)
- cGMP-PKG signaling pathway (View pathway)
- ErbB signaling pathway (View pathway)
- FoxO signaling pathway (View pathway)
- Hedgehog signaling pathway (View pathway)
- HIF-1 signaling pathway (View pathway)
- Hippo signaling pathway (View pathway)
- Hippo signaling pathway - multiple species (View pathway)
- Jak-STAT signaling pathway (View pathway)
- MAPK signaling pathway (View pathway)
- mTOR signaling pathway (View pathway)
- NF-kappa B signaling pathway (View pathway)
- Notch signaling pathway (View pathway)
- Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
- Phospholipase D signaling pathway (View pathway)
- PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (View pathway)
- Rap1 signaling pathway (View pathway)
- Ras signaling pathway (View pathway)
- Sphingolipid signaling pathway (View pathway)
- TGF-beta signaling pathway (View pathway)
- TNF signaling pathway (View pathway)
- Two-component system
- VEGF signaling pathway (View pathway)
- Wnt signaling pathway (View pathway)
Signaling molecules and interaction
Folding, sorting and degradation
- Proteasome
- Protein export
- Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum (View pathway)
- RNA degradation
- SNARE interactions in vesicular transport
- Sulfur relay system (View pathway)
- Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis (View pathway)
Replication and repair
- Base excision repair
- DNA replication
- Fanconi anemia pathway
- Homologous recombination
- Mismatch repair
- Non-homologous end-joining
- Nucleotide excision repair
Transcription
Translation
Cancers: Overview
- Central carbon metabolism in cancer (View pathway)
- Chemical carcinogenesis
- Choline metabolism in cancer (View pathway)
- MicroRNAs in cancer
- Pathways in cancer (View pathway)
- Proteoglycans in cancer
- Transcriptional misregulation in cancer
- Viral carcinogenesis
Cancers: Specific types
- Acute myeloid leukemia (View pathway)
- Basal cell carcinoma (View pathway)
- Bladder cancer (View pathway)
- Breast cancer (View pathway)
- Chronic myeloid leukemia (View pathway)
- Colorectal cancer (View pathway)
- Endometrial cancer (View pathway)
- Gastric cancer (View pathway)
- Glioma (View pathway)
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (View pathway)
- Melanoma (View pathway)
- Non-small cell lung cancer (View pathway)
- Pancreatic cancer (View pathway)
- Prostate cancer (View pathway)
- Renal cell carcinoma (View pathway)
- Small cell lung cancer (View pathway)
- Thyroid cancer (View pathway)
Cardiovascular diseases
- Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)
- Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
- Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
- Viral myocarditis
Drug resistance: Antimicrobial
Drug resistance: Antineoplastic
- Antifolate resistance
- EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance
- Endocrine resistance
- Platinum drug resistance
Endocrine and metabolic diseases
- AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications
- Insulin resistance
- Maturity onset diabetes of the young
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
- Type I diabetes mellitus
- Type II diabetes mellitus
Immune diseases
- Allograft rejection
- Asthma
- Autoimmune thyroid disease
- Graft-versus-host disease
- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
- Primary immunodeficiency
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
Infectious diseases: Bacterial
- Bacterial invasion of epithelial cells
- Epithelial cell signaling in Helicobacter pylori infection
- Legionellosis
- Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection
- Pertussis
- Salmonella infection
- Shigellosis
- Staphylococcus aureus infection
- Tuberculosis
- Vibrio cholerae infection
Infectious diseases: Parasitic
- African trypanosomiasis
- Amoebiasis
- Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis)
- Leishmaniasis
- Malaria
- Toxoplasmosis
Infectious diseases: Viral
- Epstein-Barr virus infection
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Herpes simplex infection
- HTLV-I infection
- Human papillomavirus infection
- Influenza A
- Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection
- Measles
Neurodegenerative diseases
- Alzheimer's disease
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
- Huntington's disease
- Parkinson's disease
- Prion diseases
Substance dependence
Amino acid metabolism
- Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
- Arginine and proline metabolism
- Arginine biosynthesis
- Cysteine and methionine metabolism
- Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
- Histidine metabolism
- Lysine biosynthesis
- Lysine degradation
- Phenylalanine metabolism
- Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis
- Tryptophan metabolism
- Tyrosine metabolism
- Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
- Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
- Acarbose and validamycin biosynthesis
- Acridone alkaloid biosynthesis
- Aflatoxin biosynthesis
- Anthocyanin biosynthesis
- Benzoxazinoid biosynthesis
- Betalain biosynthesis
- Caffeine metabolism
- Carbapenem biosynthesis
- Clavulanic acid biosynthesis
- Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis
- Flavonoid biosynthesis
- Glucosinolate biosynthesis
- Indole alkaloid biosynthesis
- Indole diterpene alkaloid biosynthesis
- Isoflavonoid biosynthesis
- Isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis
- Monobactam biosynthesis
- Neomycin, kanamycin and gentamicin biosynthesis
- Novobiocin biosynthesis
- Penicillin and cephalosporin biosynthesis
- Phenazine biosynthesis
- Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis
- Prodigiosin biosynthesis
- Puromycin biosynthesis
- Staurosporine biosynthesis
- Stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis
- Streptomycin biosynthesis
- Tropane, piperidine and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis
Carbohydrate metabolism
- Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism
- Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism
- Butanoate metabolism
- C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism
- Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
- Fructose and mannose metabolism
- Galactose metabolism
- Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
- Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
- Inositol phosphate metabolism
- Pentose and glucuronate interconversions
- Pentose phosphate pathway
- Propanoate metabolism
- Pyruvate metabolism
- Starch and sucrose metabolism
Chemical structure transformation maps
- Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from histidine and purine
- Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from ornithine, lysine and nicotinic acid
- Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from shikimate pathway
- Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from terpenoid and polyketide
- Biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids
- Biosynthesis of plant hormones
- Biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites
- Biosynthesis of terpenoids and steroids
- Overview of biosynthetic pathways
Energy metabolism
- Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms
- Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes
- Methane metabolism
- Nitrogen metabolism
- Oxidative phosphorylation
- Photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis - antenna proteins
- Sulfur metabolism
Global and overview maps
- 2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism
- Biosynthesis of amino acids
- Biosynthesis of antibiotics
- Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
- Carbon metabolism
- Degradation of aromatic compounds
- Fatty acid metabolism
- Metabolic pathways
- Microbial metabolism in diverse environments
Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism
- Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis - chondroitin sulfate / dermatan sulfate
- Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis - heparan sulfate / heparin
- Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis - keratan sulfate
- Glycosaminoglycan degradation
- Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - ganglio series
- Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - globo and isoglobo series
- Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - lacto and neolacto series
- Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis
- Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis
- Mannose type O-glycan biosynthesis
- Mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis
- N-Glycan biosynthesis
- Other glycan degradation
- Other types of O-glycan biosynthesis
- Peptidoglycan biosynthesis
- Various types of N-glycan biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
- alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism
- Arachidonic acid metabolism
- Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids
- Cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis
- Ether lipid metabolism
- Fatty acid biosynthesis
- Fatty acid degradation
- Fatty acid elongation
- Glycerolipid metabolism
- Glycerophospholipid metabolism
- Linoleic acid metabolism
- Primary bile acid biosynthesis
- Secondary bile acid biosynthesis
- Sphingolipid metabolism
- Steroid biosynthesis
- Steroid hormone biosynthesis
- Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
- Biotin metabolism
- Folate biosynthesis
- Lipoic acid metabolism
- Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism
- One carbon pool by folate
- Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
- Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism
- Retinol metabolism
- Riboflavin metabolism
- Thiamine metabolism
- Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis
- Vitamin B6 metabolism
Metabolism of other amino acids
- beta-Alanine metabolism
- Cyanoamino acid metabolism
- D-Alanine metabolism
- D-Arginine and D-ornithine metabolism
- D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism
- Glutathione metabolism
- Phosphonate and phosphinate metabolism
- Selenocompound metabolism
- Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism
Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides
- Biosynthesis of 12-, 14- and 16-membered macrolides
- Biosynthesis of ansamycins
- Biosynthesis of enediyne antibiotics
- Biosynthesis of siderophore group nonribosomal peptides
- Biosynthesis of type II polyketide backbone
- Biosynthesis of type II polyketide products
- Biosynthesis of vancomycin group antibiotics
- Brassinosteroid biosynthesis
- Carotenoid biosynthesis
- Diterpenoid biosynthesis
- Geraniol degradation
- Insect hormone biosynthesis
- Limonene and pinene degradation
- Monoterpenoid biosynthesis
- Nonribosomal peptide structures
- Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
- Sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis
- Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
- Tetracycline biosynthesis
- Type I polyketide structures
- Zeatin biosynthesis
Nucleotide metabolism
Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism
- Aminobenzoate degradation
- Atrazine degradation
- Benzoate degradation
- Bisphenol degradation
- Caprolactam degradation
- Chloroalkane and chloroalkene degradation
- Chlorocyclohexane and chlorobenzene degradation
- DDT degradation
- Dioxin degradation
- Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450
- Drug metabolism - other enzymes
- Ethylbenzene degradation
- Fluorobenzoate degradation
- Furfural degradation
- Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450
- Naphthalene degradation
- Nitrotoluene degradation
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation
- Steroid degradation
- Styrene degradation
- Toluene degradation
- Xylene degradation
Aging
- Longevity regulating pathway (View pathway)
- Longevity regulating pathway - multiple species (View pathway)
Circulatory system
- Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes (View pathway)
- Cardiac muscle contraction (View pathway)
- Vascular smooth muscle contraction (View pathway)
Development
Digestive system
- Bile secretion
- Carbohydrate digestion and absorption
- Cholesterol metabolism
- Fat digestion and absorption
- Gastric acid secretion
- Mineral absorption
- Pancreatic secretion
- Protein digestion and absorption
- Salivary secretion
- Vitamin digestion and absorption
Endocrine system
- Adipocytokine signaling pathway
- Aldosterone synthesis and secretion
- Estrogen signaling pathway (View pathway)
- Glucagon signaling pathway
- GnRH signaling pathway (View pathway)
- Insulin secretion (View pathway)
- Insulin signaling pathway (View pathway)
- Melanogenesis
- Ovarian steroidogenesis
- Oxytocin signaling pathway
- PPAR signaling pathway
- Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation
- Prolactin signaling pathway (View pathway)
- Regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes
- Relaxin signaling pathway
- Renin secretion
- Renin-angiotensin system (View pathway)
- Thyroid hormone signaling pathway (View pathway)
- Thyroid hormone synthesis
Environmental adaptation
Excretory system
- Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption
- Collecting duct acid secretion
- Endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption
- Proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation
- Vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption
Immune system
- Antigen processing and presentation (View pathway)
- B cell receptor signaling pathway (View pathway)
- Chemokine signaling pathway (View pathway)
- Complement and coagulation cascades (View pathway)
- Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway (View pathway)
- Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway (View pathway)
- Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis (View pathway)
- Hematopoietic cell lineage (View pathway)
- IL-17 signaling pathway (View pathway)
- Intestinal immune network for IgA production (View pathway)
- Leukocyte transendothelial migration (View pathway)
- Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity (View pathway)
- NOD-like receptor signaling pathway (View pathway)
- Platelet activation (View pathway)
- RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway (View pathway)
- T cell receptor signaling pathway (View pathway)
- Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation (View pathway)
- Th17 cell differentiation (View pathway)
- Toll-like receptor signaling pathway (View pathway)
Nervous system
- Cholinergic synapse
- Dopaminergic synapse
- GABAergic synapse
- Glutamatergic synapse
- Long-term depression
- Long-term potentiation
- Neurotrophin signaling pathway (View pathway)
- Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling (View pathway)
- Serotonergic synapse
- Synaptic vesicle cycle
Sensory system