信号通路
信号通路（signal pathway）又称为信号转导（signal transduction），是指能将细胞外的分子信号经细胞膜传入细胞内发挥效应的一系列酶促反应通路。这些细胞外的分子信号（称为配体，ligand）包括激素、生长因子、细胞因子、神经递质以及其它小分子化合物等。
构成信号通路的主要成员是蛋白激酶和磷酸酶，它们能够快速改变和恢复下游蛋白的构象。受体蛋白将细胞外信号转变为细胞内信号，经信号级联放大、分散和调节，最终产生一系列综合性的细胞应答，包括下游基因表达的调节、细胞内酶活性的变化、细胞骨架构型和DNA合成的改变等。这些变化并非都是由一种信号引起的，也可以通过几种信号的不同组合产生不同的反应。
03. Autophagy - animal (View pathway)
04. Autophagy - other (View pathway)
05. Mitophagy - animal (View pathway)
07. Oocyte meiosis (View pathway)
09. Apoptosis - multiple species (View pathway)
10. Ferroptosis (View pathway)
11. Necroptosis (View pathway)
12. p53 signaling pathway (View pathway)
13. Cellular senescence (View pathway)
14. Adherens junction (View pathway)
15. Tight junction (View pathway)
16. Gap junction (View pathway)
17. Signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells (View pathway)
01. Ras signaling pathway (View pathway)
02. MAPK signaling pathway (View pathway)
03. ErbB signaling pathway (View pathway)
04. Wnt signaling pathway (View pathway)
05. Notch signaling pathway (View pathway)
06. Hedgehog signaling pathway (View pathway)
07. TGF-beta signaling pathway (View pathway)
08. Hippo signaling pathway (View pathway)
09. Hippo signaling pathway - multiple species (View pathway)
10. VEGF signaling pathway (View pathway)
11. Apelin signaling pathway (View pathway)
12. Jak-STAT signaling pathway (View pathway)
13. NF-kappa B signaling pathway (View pathway)
14. TNF signaling pathway (View pathway)
15. HIF-1 signaling pathway (View pathway)
16. FoxO signaling pathway (View pathway)
17. Calcium signaling pathway (View pathway)
18. Phospholipase D signaling pathway (View pathway)
19. Sphingolipid signaling pathway (View pathway)
20. cAMP signaling pathway (View pathway)
21. cGMP-PKG signaling pathway (View pathway)
22. PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (View pathway)
23. AMPK signaling pathway (View pathway)
24. mTOR signaling pathway (View pathway)
25. Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (View pathway)
01. Pathways in cancer (View pathway)
02. Central carbon metabolism in cancer (View pathway)
03. Colorectal cancer (View pathway)
04. Pancreatic cancer (View pathway)
05. Hepatocellular carcinoma (View pathway)
06. Glioma (View pathway)
07. Thyroid cancer (View pathway)
08. Acute myeloid leukemia (View pathway)
09. Basal cell carcinoma (View pathway)
11. Renal cell carcinoma (View pathway)
12. Prostate cancer (View pathway)
13. Endometrial cancer (View pathway)
14. Breast cancer (View pathway)
01. Hematopoietic cell lineage (View pathway)
02. Complement and coagulation cascades (View pathway)
03. Platelet activation (View pathway)
04. Toll-like receptor signaling pathway (View pathway)
05. NOD-like receptor signaling pathway (View pathway)
06. RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway (View pathway)
07. Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity (View pathway)
08. Antigen processing and presentation (View pathway)
09. Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation (View pathway)
10. IL-17 signaling pathway (View pathway)
11. B cell receptor signaling pathway (View pathway)
12. Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway (View pathway)
13. Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis (View pathway)
14. Leukocyte transendothelial migration (View pathway)
15. Intestinal immune network for IgA production (View pathway)
16. Chemokine signaling pathway (View pathway)
17. Insulin secretion (View pathway)
18. Insulin signaling pathway (View pathway)
19. GnRH signaling pathway (View pathway)
20. Estrogen signaling pathway (View pathway)
21. Prolactin signaling pathway (View pathway)
22. Thyroid hormone signaling pathway (View pathway)
23. Renin-angiotensin system (View pathway)
24. Cardiac muscle contraction (View pathway)
25. Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes (View pathway)
26. Neurotrophin signaling pathway (View pathway)
27. Inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels (View pathway)
28. Osteoclast differentiation (View pathway)
29. Longevity regulating pathway (View pathway)
30. Longevity regulating pathway - multiple species (View pathway)