Interferon alpha 1 Antibody - #DF6086

FIGURE 5 Dysregulation of myeloid cells in anti-NMDARE. (A) A UMAP plot displaying four myeloid cell subtypes, coloured by annotated clusters. Inset: The proportions of four types of myeloid cells in Ps and HCs. (B) Left: A heatmap showing the expression of DEGs (Likelihood Ratio test, Padj < .01, |log2FC| > .5) in 100 cells sampling from three myeloid cell subtypes, respectively. Each row represents a DEG, and each column represents a sampled cell. The colour indicates the z-transformed gene expression (z-score range is −.5 to .5). Right: Function enrichment results of the upregulated genes in cMs, ncMs and cDCs, respectively. (C) A bubble plot displaying the antigen receptor protein-encoding gene expression levels in four myeloid subtypes. The colour represents the expression ratio, and the size represents the log2FC between Ps and HCs. The border colours of the dots indicate the significance (p-value by Wilcox rank sum test) of the comparison. The red triangle marks the four most significantly different genes. (D) A violin plot depicting the expression levels of four receptor genes in four myeloid subtypes in Ps and HCs (Wilcoxon rank sum test). *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001. (E) A bubble plot depicting the expression levels of TNF pathway ligand–receptor genes in 16 immune cell subtypes. The colour of the bubbles represents the log2 fold-change in expression between Ps and HCs, while the border colour indicates the p-value of the difference (Wilcoxon rank sum test). The size of each bubble corresponds to the percentage of expression. The background shading highlights significant cell–cell interactions by CellChat (p < .01), and the different background frames and central lines represent distinct ligand–receptor pairs. (F) The levels of IFN-α and TNF-α in plasma of HCs (n = 7), acute phase anti-NMDARE (n = 7), convalescence anti-NMDARE (n = 7) and recurrent stage anti-NMDARE (n = 6). Each sample was processed in three technical replicates. The p-values were calculated by the one-way ANOVA method, *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001. (G) The levels of IFN-α in the serum of humanised mice engrafted with PBMCs from anti-NMDARE patients (Patient), healthy donors (HC) and medium-only controls (NC) were assessed using Western blot analysis. Each group comprised three samples. p-Values were calculated using T-test, with significance defined as *p < .05, **p < .01 and ***p < .001.