Phospho-CEBP Beta (Thr235/Thr188) Antibody - #AF3202

Important transcription factor regulating the expression of genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Plays also a significant role in adipogenesis, as well as in the gluconeogenic pathway, liver regeneration, and hematopoiesis. The consensus recognition site is 5'-T[TG]NNGNAA[TG]-3'. Its functional capacity is governed by protein interactions and post-translational protein modifications. During early embryogenesis, plays essential and redundant functions with CEBPA. Has a promitotic effect on many cell types such as hepatocytes and adipocytes but has an antiproliferative effect on T-cells by repressing MYC expression, facilitating differentiation along the T-helper 2 lineage. Binds to regulatory regions of several acute-phase and cytokines genes and plays a role in the regulation of acute-phase reaction and inflammation. Plays also a role in intracellular bacteria killing (By similarity). During adipogenesis, is rapidly expressed and, after activation by phosphorylation, induces CEBPA and PPARG, which turn on the series of adipocyte genes that give rise to the adipocyte phenotype. The delayed transactivation of the CEBPA and PPARG genes by CEBPB appears necessary to allow mitotic clonal expansion and thereby progression of terminal differentiation. Essential for female reproduction because of a critical role in ovarian follicle development (By similarity). Restricts osteoclastogenesis: together with NFE2L1; represses expression of DSPP during odontoblast differentiation (By similarity).

Essential for gene expression induction in activated macrophages. Plays a major role in immune responses such as CD4(+) T-cell response, granuloma formation and endotoxin shock. Not essential for intracellular bacteria killing.

Acts as a dominant negative through heterodimerization with isoform 2. Promotes osteoblast differentiation and osteoclastogenesis (By similarity).

Methylated. Methylation at Arg-3 by CARM1 and at Lys-43 by EHMT2 inhibit transactivation activity. Methylation is probably inhibited by phosphorylation at Thr-235.

Sumoylated by polymeric chains of SUMO2 or SUMO3. Sumoylation at Lys-174 is required for inhibition of T-cells proliferation. In adipocytes, sumoylation at Lys-174 by PIAS1 leads to ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Desumoylated by SENP2, which abolishes ubiquitination and stabilizes protein levels (By similarity).

Ubiquitinated, leading to proteasomal degradation.

Phosphorylated at Thr-235 by MAPK and CDK2, serves to prime phosphorylation at Thr-226 and Ser-231 by GSK3B and acquire DNA-binding as well as transactivation activities, required to induce adipogenesis. MAPK and CDK2 act sequentially to maintain Thr-235 in the primed phosphorylated state during mitotical cloning expansion and thereby progression of terminal differentiation. Phosphorylation at Thr-266 enhances transactivation activity. Phosphorylation at Ser-325 in response to calcium increases transactivation activity. Phosphorylated at Thr-235 by RPS6KA1.

O-glycosylated, glycosylation at Ser-227 and Ser-228 prevents phosphorylation on Thr-235, Ser-231 and Thr-226 and DNA binding activity which delays the adipocyte differentiation program.

Acetylated. Acetylation at Lys-43 is an important and dynamic regulatory event that contributes to its ability to transactivate target genes, including those associated with adipogenesis and adipocyte function. Deacetylation by HDAC1 represses its transactivation activity. Acetylated by KAT2A and KAT2B within a cluster of lysine residues between amino acids 129-133, this acetylation is strongly induced by glucocorticoid treatment and enhances transactivation activity.

Nucleus. Cytoplasm.
Note: Translocates to the nucleus when phosphorylated at Ser-288. In T-cells when sumoylated drawn to pericentric heterochromatin thereby allowing proliferation (By similarity).

Expressed at low levels in the lung, kidney and spleen.

Binds DNA as a homodimer and as a heterodimer. Interacts with ATF4. Binds DNA as a heterodimer with ATF4. Interacts with MYB; within the complex, MYB and CEBPB bind to different promoter regions. Can form stable heterodimers with CEBPD. Can form stable heterodimers with CEBPA and CEBPE (By similarity). Isoform 2 and isoform 3 also form heterodimers. Interacts with TRIM28 and PTGES2. Interacts with PRDM16. Interacts with CCDC85B. Forms a complex with THOC5. Interacts with ZNF638; this interaction increases transcriptional activation. Interacts with CIDEA and CIDEC; these interactions increase transcriptional activation of a subset of CEBPB downstream target genes (By similarity). Interacts with DDIT3/CHOP. Interacts with EP300; recruits EP300 to chromatin. Interacts with RORA; the interaction disrupts interaction with EP300. Interacts (not methylated) with MED23, MED26, SMARCA2, SMARCB1 and SMARCC1. Interacts with KAT2A and KAT2B (By similarity). Interacts with ATF5; EP300 is required for ATF5 and CEBPB interaction and DNA binding (By similarity). Interacts with NFE2L1; the heterodimer represses expression of DSPP during odontoblast differentiation (By similarity).

the 9aaTAD motif is a transactivation domain present in a large number of yeast and animal transcription factors.

Belongs to the bZIP family. C/EBP subfamily.